Customizing the desktop
CUSTOMIZING THE DESKTOP
The desktop is the work area on a computer screen that simulates the top of an actual desk The desktop contains the Recycle Bin and icons (shortcuts to programs, files, folders, and variou types of documents such as letters, reports, or pictures) that you can arrange just as you'd arrange real objects on a desk.
To customize your desktop, you can do the following:
Change the desktop background image and colours.
Use screen saver settings to switch to a pretty animation when you've stopped working for a time.
You can modify your screen resolution setting, which controls how sharp and detailed a picture your screen displays.
Make text larger or smaller. You can change the size of all text on your screen with an easy setting.
Changing Desktop Background
Your desktop background (also called wallpaper) can be a digital picture from your personal collection, a picture that comes with Windows, a solid color, or a picture framed with a color.
1. Right click an empty area on the desktop and choose Personalize from the shortcut menu The following appears on the screen.
2. Click the Desktop Background link to display the Desktop Background dialog box, as shown in the following figure:
3. Select a category of desktop background options from the Picture Location list box.
4. Click the image preview you want to use. The background is previewed on your desktop
5. Click Save Changes to apply the settings and close the dialog box.
Changing Screen Resolution
Depending on your computer and monitor, you can display Windows 7 with various resolutions.
1. Right-click an empty area on the Desktop and click on Screen resolution option from the activated shortcut menu.
2. From the displayed dialog box, use the Resolution Slider to select a lower or higher resolution. Higher resolutions, such as 1366 x 768, produce smaller, crisper images. Lower resolutions, such as 800 x 600, produce larger, somewhat jagged images. This is illustrated in the following figure:
3. Click OK to set the newly set resolution.
Setting up a Screen Saver
A screen saver is an animated image that is activated on a personal computer display when no user activity has been sensed for a certain time. Windows comes with several screen savers. You can also create your own screen savers from personal pictures that you've saved on your computer.
1. Right click an empty area on the desktop and choose Personalize from the shortcut menu.
2. From the Personalization dialog box, click the Screen Saver link to display the Screen Saver Settings dialog box shown below:
3. From the Screen Saver drop-down list, choose a screen saver of your choice. You will be able to see the preview of your choice in the upper section of the dialog box.
4 Use the arrows in the Walt text box to set the number of inactivity minutes that Windows 7 waits before displaying the screen saver.
When you are finished with your settings, click Apply and then OK button.
CUSTOMIZING TASKBAR
The taskbar is the long horizontal bar at the bottom of your screen. The taskbar is almost always visible. It has three main sections:
The Start button, which opens the Start menu.
The middle section, which shows you which programs and files you have open and allows you to quickly switch between them.
The notification area, which includes a clock and icons that communicate the state of certain programs and computer settings.
Move and Resize the Taskbar
You can move the taskbar to any of the four sides of the screen. Do this by dragging any empty area of the taskbar to another edge. For example, following figure shows the taskbar moved to the right edge of the screen.
If you are unable to move the Taskbar, right-click an empty area on the Taskbar and uncheck (remove the tick mark) the Lock the taskbar option.
You can resize the taskbar by dragging the inner edge (top edge when the taskbar is on the bottom) in or out. Here is a taskbar at double its normal size.
Hiding the Taskbar
Hiding the taskbar means that it is not displayed unless you move the mouse to the edge of the screen containing the taskbar. By default, it is displayed.
1. Right-click an empty area and choose Properties options from the displayed shortcut menu.
The Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box opens up.
2. Click Auto-hide the taskbar to select the check box.
3. Click OK to set the changes.
CONTROL PANEL
You can use Control Panel to change settings for Windows. These settings control nearly everything about how Windows looks and works, and you can use them to set up Windows so that it's just right for you.
To open the control panel, click Start button → Control Panel. Following default Control Panel window opens on your screen.
Switch the Control Panel View
The Control Panel has three views: the default Category view, Large icons view and Small Icons views.
When in Category view, click the View By down arrow on the right, and click either Large Icons or Small Icons. Both the views are shown in the following figures - Large icons and Small icons respectively.
Customizing the Mouse
You can change your mouse settings to suit your personal preferences. For example, you can change how fast your mouse pointer moves around the screen, or change the pointer's appearance. If you're left-handed, you can switch the primary button to be the right button.
1. Open Control Panel. From the Control Panel window click on the Mouse properties window is opened.
2. If you want to use the mouse with your left hand, click Switch Primary and Secondary Buttons.
3. Double-click the folder in the middle-right area of the Buttons tab. If the folder opens, your double-click speed is OK. If not, drag the Speed slider until the folder opens when you double-click it
4. Select the options you want to use on the Buttons, Pointer Options, Wheel, and Hardware tabs.
5. Click the Pointers tab. If you want to change the way the pointer looks, select a different scheme.
6. When you have set up the mouse the way you want, click OK.
Setting the Clock
1. From the Control Panel window, click Date and Time link. Following windows is displayed on your screen:
2. Click on the Change date and time... button to set the new date and time.
3. When you are done with the new settings, click OK to exit this window. You will see the newly set date and time in the notification area of the Taskbar.
Installing a Printer
The most common way to install a printer is to connect it directly to your computer. This is known as a local printer. If your printer is a universal serial bus (USB) model, Windows should automatically detect it and begin installation when you plug it in.
To install a local printer, follow the following steps:
1. Click the Devices and Printers link in the Control Panel window.
3. In the Add Printer window, click Add a local printer.
4. On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port button and the recommended printer port are selected, and then click Next.
5. On the Install the printer driver page, select the printer manufacturer and model, and then click Next.
If your printer isn't listed, click Windows Update, and then wait while Windows checks for additional drivers.
If none are available and you have the installation CD, click Have Disk, and then browse to the folder where the printer driver is located.
6. Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.
CONCEPT OF NETWORKING
Networking ka matlab hota hai do ya do se adhik computers ko aapas me connect karna taaki ve data, information, resources (printer, internet, files) ko share kar saken. Networking ka concept standard rules par kaam karta hai, jise ISI (International / Indian Standards related to networking) ke through define kiya jata hai.
ISI standards networking me uniformity, security aur compatibility ko ensure karte hain.
What is Networking?
Computer Networking is a system in which multiple computers and devices are connected together to share data and resources using standard rules and protocols.
Networking makes communication fast, reliable, and cost-effective.
What is ISI in Networking?
ISI (Indian Standards Institute) ek standard organization hai jo communication aur networking standards ko follow karne me madad karti hai.
Aaj ke time me ISI standards international networking rules (ISO/OSI concept) ke sath aligned hote hain.
Networking me ISI ka main role hota hai:
Data transmission ko standard banana
Different systems ke beech compatibility banana
Network quality aur safety ensure karna
Need of Networking Standards (ISI Concept)
Networking standards zaroori hote hain kyunki:
Different companies ke computers aapas me kaam kar saken
Data loss aur errors kam ho
Communication secure rahe
Network fast aur reliable bane
Basic Components of Networking
1. Sender
Jo data bhejta hai
2. Receiver
Jo data receive karta hai
3. Transmission Medium
Cable, wireless, fiber etc.
4. Protocols
Rules jo data transfer ko control karte hain
5. Network Devices
Hub, Switch, Router, Modem
Types of Computer Network
1. LAN (Local Area Network)
Chhoti jagah jaise office, school, lab
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
City level network
3. WAN (Wide Area Network)
Country ya world level network (Internet)
Advantages of Networking (ISI Standards Based)
Fast data sharing
Resource sharing (printer, internet)
Cost saving
Better communication
Centralized data management
Applications of Networking
Internet services
Email communication
Online education
Banking systems
Government services
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